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RESOURCE LIBRARY--
BOOKS AND STANDARD REFERENCES
The following are useful references for arms control and related topics. Obviously this is not a complete list of all books and articles but rather standard references and more easily available sources. If you have a reference that has proven useful in your work, please let us know by email at dmontague@ucsusa.org. This list was originally compiled by Sharon Weiner in 1999.
Arms Control
For a general orientation and history of arms control efforts in the United States, try:
- The United States and Arms Control
by Allan S. Krass
(Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997)
- Nuclear Arms Control: Background and Issues
National Academy of Sciences
(Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1985) The origins, evolution, and accomplishments of NGOs in nonproliferation is the subject of a report produced by the Stimson Center. The report reviews the 1990s debates on nuclear arms control and offers an explanation for the successes and failures of various NGO proposals. Appendix II also contains an excellent bibliography of NGO proposals on nuclear weapons:
For other examples of arms control and abolition proposals, look at:
- The Nuclear Turning Point: A Blueprint for Deep Cuts and De-Alerting of Nuclear Weapons
edited by Harold A. Feiveson
(Washington, DC: Brookings, 1999)
- Reversing the Arms Race: How to Achieve and Verify Deep Reductions in the Nuclear Arsenals
edited by Frank von Hippel and Roald Z. Sagdeev
(New York: Gordon and Breach, 1990)
- Canberra Commission on the Elimination of Nuclear Weapons
(Department of Foreign Affairs, Government of Australia, August 1996)
http://www.dfat.gov.au/cc/cchome.html For information on the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, try:
And for the CTBT and the U.S. Stockpile Stewardship Program, look at:
- End Run: The U.S. Government's Plan for Designing Nuclear Weapons and Simulating Nuclear Explosions Under the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
Christopher Paine and Matthew McKinzie
(Washington, DC: NRDC, 1997)
http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/endrun/er1.asp
- Ray Kidder
"Problems with Stockpile Stewardship"
Nature
April 17, 1998, pp. 645-647 For a general overview of the technologies and politics of arms control verification, try:
- Verification Technologies: Cooperative Aerial Surveillance in International Agreements
Office of Technology Assessment (OTA-ISC-480)
(Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, July 1991)
www.wws.princeton.edu/~ota/
- Arms Control Verification: The Technologies that Make it Possible
by Kosta Tsipis, David Hafemeister, and Penny Janeway
(New York: Pergamon-Brassey's, 1986)
- Verification: How Much is Enough?
by Allan S. Krass
(Lexington, MA: Lexington Books for SIPRI, 1985)
- The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions
Office of Technology Assessment
(Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1989)
www.wws.princeton.edu/~ota/
- Verification Matters: Laying the Foundations
by Patricia M. Lewis
(London: VERTIC, April 1997) Seismology, and its role in detecting nuclear tests is the subject of:
- Brian Barker, et. al.
"Monitoring Nuclear Tests"
Science
September 15, 1998, pp. 1967-1968
- Suzanna van Moyland and Roger Clark
"The Paper Trail"
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
July/August 1998, pp. 26-29
http://www.thebulletin.org/issues/1998/ja98/ja98vanmoyland.html
- Seismic Verification of Nuclear Testing Treaties
Office of Technology Assessment (OTA-ISC-361)
(Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, May 1988)
Steve Fetter of the University of Maryland has written extensively on a variety of technical issues related to arms control, verification, nonproliferation, and ballistic missile defense. His papers can be found at:
www.puaf.umd.edu/papers/fetter.htm.
Nuclear Weapons
The basic references for the science behind nuclear weapons and their effects are:
- The Effects of Nuclear Weapons
by Samuel Glasstone, Philip J. Dolan
(Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1977).
- The Los Alamos Primer: The First Lectures on How to Build an Atomic Bomb
by Robert Serber
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992)
- Science, Technology and the Nuclear Arms Race
by Dietrich Schroeer
(New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1984)
- Nuclear Choices: A Citizen's Guide to Nuclear Technology
by Richard Wolfson
(Cambridge: MIT Press, 1993)
- Technologies Underlying Weapons of Mass Destruction
Office of Technology Assessment
(Washington, DC: Office of Technology Assessment, 1993)
www.wws.princeton.edu/~ota/ For nuclear weapons command and control issues, try:
- Strategic Command and Control: Redefining the Nuclear Threat
by Bruce Blair
(Washington, DC: The Brookings Institutes, 1985)
- The Command and Control of Nuclear Forces
by Paul Bracken
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983)
- Assuring Control of Nuclear Weapons: The Evolution of Permissive Action Links
by Peter Stein and Peter Feaver
(Harvard: Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, 1987) For information and ideas about targeting, see:
- Strategic Nuclear Targeting
edited by Desmond Ball and Jeffrey Richelson
(Cornell: Cornell University Press, 1986)
- Inventing Accuracy: A Historical Sociology of Nuclear Missile Guidance
Donald MacKenzie
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990) The technology behind the production of fissile materials, their proliferation and preventing their proliferation is the subject of:
- Technology and the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
by Richard Kokoski
(SIPRI: Oxford University Press, 1995)
- Nuclear Safeguards and the IAEA
Office of Technology Assessment (OTA-ISS-615)
(Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, June 1995)
www.wws.princeton.edu/~ota/
- Dismantling the Bomb and Managing the Nuclear Materials
Office of Technology Assessment (OTA-O-572)
(Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, September 1993)
www.wws.princeton.edu/~ota/
- Supplying the Nuclear Arsenal: American Production Reactors, 1942-1992
by Rodney P. Carlisle and Joan M. Zenzen
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1996)
- Uranium Enrichment and Other Technical Problems Relating to Nuclear Weapons Proliferation
by R. Mozley
(Stanford: Center for International Security and Arms Control, Stanford University, 1994)
- Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium: Reactor-Related Options
Committee on International Security and Arms Control, US National Academy of Sciences
(Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1995)
- Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium
(Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1994)
- World Inventory of Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium
by David Albright, Frans Berkhout and William Walker
(London: Oxford University Press, 1996)
- Uranium: Resources, Production, and Demand
Nuclear Energy Agency and IAEA
(Paris: IAEA, published annually) Sources for the health and environmental problems associated with nuclear weapons production and use are:
- Nuclear Wastelands: A Global Guide to Nuclear Weapons Production and its Health and Environmental Effects
by Arjun Makhijani, Howard Hu and Katerine Yih
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995)
- Linking Legacies: Connecting the Cold War Nuclear Weapons Production Processes to Their Environmental Consequences
Office of Environmental Management, U.S. Department of Energy
(Washington, DC: US Department of Energy, DOE/EM0319, January 1997)
- The Effects of Nuclear War
Office of Technology Assessment
(Washington, DC: OTA, 1979)
www.wws.princeton.edu/~ota/
- The Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War, Volume I: Physical and Atmospheric Effects, and Volume II: Ecological and Agricultural Effects
by A. B. Pittock, et. al.
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986)
- On the Home Front: The Cold War Legacy of the Hanford Nuclear Site
by Michele Stenehjem Gerber
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992) Information on the organizational and technical risks associated with building and maintaining nuclear weapons can be found in:
- Managing Nuclear Operations
by Ashton B. Carter, John D. Steinbruner, and Charles A. Zraket
(Washington, DC: Brookings, 1987)
- The Limits of Safety
by Scott D. Sagan
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993)
Histories and Stockpiles of Nuclear Weapons in Specific Countries
General Proliferation:
- Tracking Nuclear Proliferation: A Guide in Maps and Charts
by Rodney W. Jones and Mark G. McDonough
(Washington, DC; The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1998)
www.ceip.org/programs/npp/track98b.htm
- Nonproliferation Primer: Preventing the Spread of Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Weapons
edited by Randall Forsberg
(Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995)
- Proliferation and the Former Soviet Union
Office of Technology Assessment (OTA-ISS-605)
(Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, September 1994)
www.wws.princeton.edu/~ota/
- Export Controls and Nonproliferation Policy
Office of Technology Assessment (OTA-ISS-596)
(Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, May 1994)
www.wws.princeton.edu/~ota/ Argentina and Brazil:
- Jose Goldemberg and Harold A. Feiveson
"Denuclearization in Argentina and Brazil"
Arms Control Today
March 1994, pp. 10-14 Britain:
- British, French, and Chinese Nuclear Weapons
by Robert Norris, Andrew S. Burrows, and Richard W. Fieldhouse
(Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994)
- Sources for the Study of British Nuclear Weapons History
by Ian Clark
(Center for International Security Studies at Maryland, University of Maryland, 1989)
- The British Nuclear Deterrent
by Peter Malone
(London: Croom Helm, 1984) France:
- British, French, and Chinese Nuclear Weapons
by Robert Norris, Andrew S. Burrows, and Richard W. Fieldhouse
(Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994) China:
- British, French, and Chinese Nuclear Weapons
by Robert Norris, Andrew S. Burrows, and Richard W. Fieldhouse
(Boulder, CO: Westview, 1994)
- China Builds the Bomb
by John Wilson Lewis and Xue Litai
(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988)
- Thread of the Silkworm
by Iris Chang
(New York: Basic Books, 1995)
- Mingquan Zhu
"The Evolution of China's Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy"
The Nonproliferation Review
Winter 1997, pp. 40-48 India:
- India's Nuclear Bomb
by George Perkovich
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999)
- The Making of the Indian Atomic Bomb: Science, Secrecy and the Postcolonial State
by Itty Abraham
(London: Zed Books, 1998) Iran:
- James Kitfield
"Iran's Mushrooming Nuclear Ambitions"
National Journal
August 1, 1998, Vol. 30, Issue 31, pp. 1820-1822
- David Albright
"An Iranian Bomb?"
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
July/August 1995
http://www.thebulletin.org/issues/1995/ja95/ja95.albright.html
- David A. Schwarzbach
"Iran's Nuclear Puzzle"
Scientific American
June 1997, pp. 62-65 Iraq:
Israel:
- Israel and the Bomb
by Avner Cohen
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1998)
- The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy
by Seymour Hersh
(New York: Random House, 1991) North Korea:
- David Wright and Timur Kadyshev
"An Analysis of the North Korea's Nodong Missile"
Science and Global Security
Volume 4, 1994, pp. 129-160
- Disarming Strangers: Nuclear Diplomacy with North Korea
by Leon V. Sigal
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998) Norway:
- Astrid Forland
"Norway's Nuclear Odyssey: From Optimistic Proponent to Nonproliferator"
The Nonproliferation Review
Winter 1997, pp. 1-16 Pakistan:
- Zia Mian
"Pakistan's Nuclear Descent"
INESAP Information Bulletin No. 16
November 1998, pp. 10-11
- Andrew Koch and Jennifer Topping
"Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Program: A Status Report"
The Nonproliferation Review
Vol. 4, No. 3
cns.miis.edu/pubs/npr/koctop43.htm
- Pakistan and the Bomb: Public Opinion and Nuclear Options
edited by Samina Ahmed and David Cortright
(Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 1998) Russia:
- Soviet Nuclear Weapons
by Thomas B. Cochran, William M. Arkin, Robert S. Norris, and Jeffrey Sands
(New York: Harper and Row, 1989)
- Making the Russian Bomb: From Stalin to Yeltsin
by Thomas B. Cochran, Robert S. Norris, and Oleg A. Bukharin
(Boulder: Westview Press, 1995)
- Stalin and the Bomb
by David Holloway
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994)
- Gennady Gorelik
"The Metamorphosis of Andrei Sakharov"
Scientific American
March 1999, pp. 98-101
- Gennady Gorelik
"The Top-Secret Life of Lev Landau"
Scientific American August 1997, pp. 72-77 South Africa:
Sweden:
- Eric Arnett
"Norms and Nuclear Proliferation: Sweden's Lessons for Assessing Iran"
The Nonproliferation Review
Winter 1998, pp. 32-43 United States:
- US Nuclear Weapons: The Secret History
by Chuck Hansen
(New York: Aerofax, 1988)
- The Making of the Atomic Bomb
by Richard Rhodes
(New York: Touchstone, 1986)
- Dark Sun: The Making of the US Hydrogen Bomb
by Richard Rhodes
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995)
- Atomic Audit: The Costs and Consequences of U.S. Nuclear Weapons since 1940
edited by Stephen I. Schwartz
(Washington, DC; Brookings, 1998)
- US Nuclear Forces and Capabilities
by Thomas B. Cochran, William M. Arkin and Milton M. Hoenig
(Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1984)
- US Nuclear Warhead Production
by Thomas B. Cochran, William M. Arkin, Robert S. Norris, and Milton M. Hoenig
(Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1987)
- US Nuclear Warhead Facility Profiles
by Thomas B.Cochran, William M. Arkin, Robert S. Norris, and Milton M. Hoenig
(Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1987)
- For a look at how U.S. nuclear weapons designers are adapting the arsenal to the end of the Cold War, see:
William M. Arkin and Robert Norris
"Tinynukes for Mini Minds"
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
April 1992
Chemical Weapons
For documents on chemical weapons arms control and current progress, see:
- Disarmament: The Chemical Weapons Convention with Selective Index
(United Nations, 1994)
- Rudderless: The Chemical Weapons Convention at 1 ½
by Amy Smithson
(Washington, DC: The Stimson Center, 1998)
- Non-Production by Industry of Chemical-Warfare Agents: Technical Verification under a Chemical Weapons Convention
edited by S. J. Lundin
(SIPRI: Oxford University Press, 1988)
- Amy Smithson
"Implementing the Chemical Weapons Convention"
Survival
Spring 1994, pp. 80-95 For an assessment of US and Russian chemical stockpiles and production capabilities, see:
- Matthew Meselson
"The Myth of Chemical Superpowers"
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
April 1991, pp. 12-15 The U.S. Army's plans for the disposal of U.S. chemical weapons is the subject of:
Biological Weapons
For documents and treaties on biological weapons, look at the relevant chapters in:
- Preventing a Biological Arms Race
edited by Susan Wright
(Cambridge: MIT Press, 1990) The history of biological weapons control, as well as current problems and proposals, can be found in:
- Leonard Cole
"The Specter of Biological Weapons"
Scientific American
December 1996, pp. 60-65
- Jonathan Tucker
"Strengthening the BWC: Moving Toward a Compliance Protocol"
Arms Control Today
January/February 1998, pp. 20-27
www.armscontrol.org/ACT/janfeb98/tucker.htm
- Thomas Monath and Lance Gordon
"Strengthening the Biological Weapons Convention"
Science
Nov. 20, 1998, pp. 142
- Helen Gavaghan
"Arms Control Enters the Biological Lab"
Science
July 3, 1998, pp. 29-30 For essays that examine the medical, scientific and political dimensions of biological weapons control, see:
- Biological Weapons: Limiting The Threat
edited by Joshua Lederberg
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999) And for information on modeling the dispersion effects of such weapons, try:
- Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates: An Introduction to Dispersion Modeling
by Bruce Turner
(CRC Press, 1994) For health problems from both biological and chemical weapons, see:
- Health Aspects of Chemical and Biological Weapons
World Health Organization
(Geneva: WHO, 1970) For an extensive bibliography of journal articles and books on both chemical and biological weapons, visit the Naval Postgraduate School Library:
web.nps.navy.mil/~library/bibs/chemtoc.htm
Missiles and Space
Good sources for general information on stockpiles and proliferation of missiles are:
- The International Missile Bazaar: The New Suppliers' Network
edited by William C. Potter and Harlan W. Jencks
(Boulder: Westview Press, 1994)
- Ballistic Missile Proliferation: The Politics and Technics
by Aaron Karp
(SIPRI: Oxford University Press, 1996)
- Trappings of Power: Ballistic Missiles in the Third World
by Janne Nolan
(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1991) Information about cruise missile proliferation, technology and development is available from:
- Cruise Missiles: Technology, Strategy, Politics
edited by Richard K. Betts
(Washington, DC: Brookings, 1981)
- Cruise Missile Proliferation in the 1990s
W. Seth Carus
(Westport, CT: Praeger, 1992) Information on the technology behind missiles, the infrastructure needed to use them, and the military uses of space can be found in:
- Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing
Charles Elachi
(New York: Wiley, 1987)
- Space and Nuclear Weaponry in the 1990s
edited by Carlo Schaerf, Giuseppe Longo, and David Carlton
(London: Macmillan, 1992)
- Space Handbook: An Analyst's Guide (two volumes)
Major Michael J. Muolo
(Air University Press, 1993)
- Rocket Propulsion Elements: An Introduction to the Engineering of Rockets
George Paul Sutton
(New York: Wiley, 1992)
- Introduction to Radar Systems
Merrill Ivan Skolnik
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980)
- Understanding Antennas for Radar, Communications, and Avionics
by Benjamin Rulf and Gregory A. Robertshaw
(New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1987)
- Anti-Satellite Weapons, Countermeasures, and Arms Control
Office of Technology (OTA-ISC-281)
(Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, September 1985)
www.wws.princeton.edu/~ota/
Missile Defenses
For a good summary of ballistic missile threats to the United States, and the problems missile defenses have in meeting those threats and in general, read:
The Last 15 Minutes: Ballistic Missile Defense in Perspective
edited by Joseph Cirincione and Frank von Hippel
(Washington, DC: The Coalition to Reduce Nuclear Dangers, 1996)
http://www.stimson.org/coalitio/last15.htm
For other technical analyses of ballistic missile defenses, try:
- Jack Mendelsohn
"Missile Defense: And It Still Won't Work"
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
May/June 1999, pp. 29-31
- SDI for Europe? Technical Aspects of Anti-Tactical Ballistic Missile Defenses
by Jurgen Altmann
(Frankfurt: Peace Research Institute of Frankfurt, Research Report, 1988)
- SDI: Technology, Survivability, and Software
Office of Technology Assessment
(Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1988)
www.wws.princeton.edu/~ota/
- Ballistic Missile Defense Technologies
Office of Technology Assessment (OTA-ISC-254)
(Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, September 1985)
www.wws.princeton.edu/~ota/
- "Science and Technology of Directed Energy Weapons"
Reviews of Modern Physics 5
(No. 3, Part II), July 1987 For a history of the ABM Treaty and the debate in the United States over missile defense issues, see:
- Foundation for the Future: The ABM Treaty and National Security
by Matt Bunn
(Washington, DC: The Arms Control Association, 1990)
Nuclear Energy
Good sources for the technology behind nuclear reactors and their operation are:
- A Guidebook to Nuclear Reactors
by Anthony V. Nero
(University of California Press, 1979)
- Nuclear Reactor Engineering,Volume I: Reactor Design Basics
Nuclear Reactor Engineering, Volume II: Reactor Systems Engineering
by Samuel Glasstone and Alexander Sesonske
(New York: Chapman & Hall, 1994)
- Nuclear Chemical Engineering
by Manson Benefict, Thomas H. Pigford, and Hans Wolfgang Levi
(New York: McGraw Hill, 1981) For a critical look at how public policy makers and organizations deal with nuclear power, and its associated problems, see:
- Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies
Charles Perrow
(New York: Basic Books, 1984)
Nuclear Waste
For options for the disposition of plutonium, see:
- Management of Separated Plutonium: The Technical Options
(Paris: Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD, 1997)
- Nuclear Wastes: Technologies for Separations and Transmutation
by the National Research Council
(Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1996)
The Politics of Nuclear Weapons
For the political theory behind arguments for and against nuclear proliferation, see:
- The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate
by Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N. Waltz
(New York: Norton, 1995)
- Scott D. Sagan
"Why Do States Build Nuclear Weapons?"
International Security
Vol. 21, No. 3 (Winter 1996/1997), pp. 54-86
- Tanya Ogilvie-White
"Is There a Theory of Nuclear Proliferation? An Analysis of the Contemporary Debate"
The Nonproliferation Review
Fall 1996, pp. 43-59 For a look at how the American political bureaucracy has planned the development of its nuclear weapons and strategy see:
- Guardians of the Arsenal: The Politics of Nuclear Strategy
by Janne E. Nolan
(New York: Basic Books, 1989) The politics behind arms control negotiations is the subject of:
- Deadly Gambits: The Reagan Administration and the Stalemate in Nuclear Arms Control
Strobe Talbott
New York: Vintage Books, 1985
- Endgame: The Inside Story of SALT II
by Strobe Talbott
(New York: Harper & Row, 1980) Other useful books about politics, bureaucracy and nuclear matters are:
- Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis
by Graham Allison and Philip Zelikow
(Addison-Wesley, 1999)
- Nuclear Designs: Great Britain, France and China in the Global Governance of Nuclear Arms
by Bruce Larkin
(New Brunswick: Transaction, 1966)
- The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy
by Lawrence Freedman
(New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989)
- SIOP: The Secret U.S. Plan for Nuclear War
by Peter Pringle and William Arkin
(New York: Norton, 1983)
Scientists and Nuclear Weapons
For an insider's look at the role of scientists and the scientific community in making and legitimizing political decisions, try:
- Citizen Scientist
by Frank von Hippel
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991) Read about the bomb makers themselves in:
- Nuclear Rites: A Weapons Laboratory at the End of the Cold War
by Hugh Gusterson
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996) For histories assessing the role played by scientists in the development of nuclear weapons, see:
- Scientists in Power
by Spencer R. Weart
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979)
- American Scientists & Nuclear Policy
by Robert Gilpin
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962)
- The Wizards of Armageddon
by Fred Kaplan
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983)
- Star Warriors
by William J. Broad
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985)
- Kurt Gottfried
"Physicists in Politics"
Physics Today
March 1999, pp. 42-48
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